Complete index
All entries
1,511 entries across seven categories.
5
A
- Abqaiq and Khurais attack, 2019Case
- Adam SzubinActor
- Adaptive countermeasure recognitionConcept
- Additional Protocol I Article 54 (1977)Legal authority
- Additive manufacturing (3D printing)Technology
- Advanced battery and energy-storage manufacturingTechnology
- Advanced logic semiconductor manufacturingTechnology
- Afghanistan central bank reserve freeze (2021-present)Case
- African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank)Institution
- Agathe DemaraisActor
- Agentic AI in financial systemsTechnology
- Agricultural inputs and synthetic fertiliser productionTechnology
- Ahmed v HM Treasury (UK Supreme Court, 2010)Legal authority
- AI accelerators and GPUs (Nvidia H100, A100, and the export-tuned H20)Technology
- AI chokepoint dilutionConcept
- AI model weights and frontier modelsTechnology
- AI-chip and compute export controlInstrument
- AI-enabled market manipulationConcept
- AI-enabled sanctions-evasion detectionTechnology
- AI-model and training-data export controlInstrument
- Air Service Agreement arbitration (1978)Legal authority
- AIS spoofing and GNSS manipulation ("going dark")Technology
- Al JazeeraActor
- Al-QaedaActor
- Al-Qard Al-HassanActor
- Albert O. HirschmanActor
- Alexei MillerActor
- Algiers Accords and the Iran-US Claims Tribunal (1981)Legal authority
- Algorithmic and high-frequency trading systemsTechnology
- Algorithmic pricing and collusionTechnology
- Algorithmic tacit coordinationConcept
- Algorithmic trading feedback and hypothesised reflexive controlTechnology
- Ali KhameneiActor
- Alien Property Custodian (US)Institution
- Alisher UsmanovActor
- Allied blockade of Germany (1914-1919)Case
- Allied capital mobilisation vehicleInstrument
- Allied continuation of the blockade of Germany after the armistice (1918-1919)Case
- Allied financial targeting coordinationConcept
- Allied large-diameter pipe export restrictions against the Soviet Union (1962-1966)Case
- Allied preclusive purchasing in neutral Europe (1941-1944)Case
- Allied restrictions on Huawei in 5G networks (2018-present)Case
- Allied strategic bombing of the German war economy (1942-1945)Case
- AlrosaActor
- Amplification (EKC Phase 5)Concept
- Amplification failureConcept
- Anglo-French coercive opening of Qing China in the Second Opium War (1856-1860)Case
- Anglo-Iranian Oil CompanyActor
- Anglo-Irish Economic War (1932-1938)Case
- Ansar Allah (Houthis)Actor
- Ansar Allah attacks on Red Sea shipping (2023-present)Case
- Anti-apartheid sanctions and divestment against South Africa (1962-1994)Case
- Anti-circumvention and third-country diversion detectionTechnology
- Anti-circumvention enforcementConcept
- Anti-dumping and countervailing duties as leverageInstrument
- Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (China, 2021)Legal authority
- Anti-Money Laundering Act (2020)Legal authority
- Anti-money-laundering enforcement as pressureInstrument
- Anti-sanctions architectureConcept
- Antiboycott regulations (United States, 1976 to 1977)Legal authority
- Antimony, tungsten and defence-critical metalsTechnology
- App-store and platform denialInstrument
- Arab League boycott of Israel and third-country firms (1945-present)Case
- Arab League Central Boycott OfficeInstitution
- Arab oil embargo and production cuts (1973-1974)Case
- Arab oil embargo and production interruption during the Six-Day War (1967)Case
- Arms embargoInstrument
- Arms Export Control Act and ITAR (1976)Legal authority
- Article 16 of the League of Nations Covenant (1919)Legal authority
- Article 215 TFEU and CFSP sanctions architectureLegal authority
- Asian Clearing UnionInstitution
- Asian Development BankInstitution
- Asian Financial Crisis and regional financial resilience, 1997-1998Case
- Asian Infrastructure Investment BankInstitution
- ASMLActor
- ASML and the Netherlands-Japan lithography alignment (2019-2023)Case
- Assessment (EKC Phase 7)Concept
- Asset freezeInstrument
- Attacks on Gulf shipping and United States reflagging during the Tanker War (1984-1988)Case
- Attribution of economic effects in statecraftConcept
- AUKUS partnershipInstitution
- AUSTRACInstitution
- AustraliaActor
- Australia GroupInstitution
- Australian Sanctions Office (DFAT)Institution
- AutarkyConcept
- Automated clearing houses and retail payment railsTechnology
- Automatic Identification System (AIS)Technology
- Autonomous maritime and aerial systems (economic-warfare use)Technology
- Autonomous Sanctions Act (Australia, 2011)Legal authority
- Autonomous Sanctions Magnitsky-style amendments (Australia, 2021)Legal authority
- Autonomous versus multilateral sanctionsConcept
- Aviation gasoline and high-octane refiningTechnology
- Ayman Joumaa networkActor
B
- Babak ZanjaniActor
- BAFAInstitution
- Ball-bearing and machine-tool productionTechnology
- Baltic Sea subsea infrastructure incidents and security response, 2023-2026Case
- Banco Delta AsiaInstitution
- Banco Delta Asia Section 311 action (2005-2007)Case
- Bangladesh Bank heist (2016)Case
- Bank for International SettlementsInstitution
- Bank Markazi v Peterson (US Supreme Court, 2016)Legal authority
- Bank Mellat v HM Treasury (UK Supreme Court, 2013)Legal authority
- Bank Melli, Bank Sepah and Bank SaderatInstitution
- Bank of EnglandInstitution
- Bank of KunlunInstitution
- Bank of RussiaInstitution
- Bank RossiyaInstitution
- Bank Secrecy Act and United States financial reporting architecture (1970-present)Legal authority
- Banknote and physical-cash interdictionInstrument
- Banque du LibanInstitution
- Banque du Liban Circular 170 (2025)Legal authority
- Banque HavillandInstitution
- Banque Havilland plan to manipulate the Qatari riyal, 2017-2026Case
- Barry EichengreenActor
- Barter and commodity-swap arrangementsInstrument
- Basel Committee on Banking SupervisionInstitution
- Battle Act (US, 1951)Legal authority
- Bear-raid and coordinated market operationInstrument
- BelarusActor
- Belarus sanctions, potash controls and relief (2020-present)Case
- Belt and Road Initiative as an economic statecraft campaign (2013-present)Case
- Belt and Road leverageConcept
- Beneficial ownership registries and databasesTechnology
- Beneficial-ownership disclosure regimesInstrument
- Beneficial-ownership mappingInstrument
- Bengal famine and British denial policies (1942-1944)Case
- Benito MussoliniActor
- Benjamin J. CohenActor
- Berlin Decree (1806)Legal authority
- Biotechnology and pharmaceutical supply chains (API dependency)Technology
- Bipolar weaponised interdependenceConcept
- Bitcoin and permissionless cryptoasset networksTechnology
- Black Sea grain terminals and wartime shipping corridorsTechnology
- Black Tom explosion and German sabotage in the neutral United States (1915-1917)Case
- Black Wednesday and the ERM crisis, 1992Case
- Blockade and starvation strategy (WWI model)Concept
- Blockade Strategy Board (Union, 1861)Institution
- Blockade-runner and commerce-raider technologyTechnology
- Blockchain analytics platforms (Chainalysis, Elliptic, TRM)Technology
- Blocking statutesConcept
- BNP Paribas sanctions prosecution and dollar-clearing restrictions (2014-2015)Case
- Bonyads: Iranian parastatal foundationsInstitution
- Boxer Indemnity (1901)Case
- Boycott (state-imposed)Instrument
- Braiding state and marketConcept
- Bretton Woods Resolution VI and the Safehaven Program (1944)Legal authority
- Bretton Woods settlement (1944)Case
- BRI debt renegotiationsCase
- BRICSInstitution
- BRICS Contingent Reserve ArrangementInstitution
- BRICS Pay and BRICS payment initiativesInstitution
- Bringing economics back into geoeconomicsConcept
- British blockade of Greece and the Don Pacifico affair (1850)Case
- British blockade of the United States during the War of 1812 (1812-1815)Case
- British Ministry of Economic Warfare campaign against Germany (1939-1945)Case
- British Orders in Council (1807)Legal authority
- Bureau of Industry and Security (US Commerce)Institution
- Buycott and sanction-busting consumer mobilisationInstrument
- Byrd Amendment (US, 1971)Legal authority
- ByteDance and TikTokActor
C
- Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act (US, 2019)Legal authority
- Caisse de la Dette Publique (Egypt)Institution
- Capital flight as instrumentConcept
- Capital mobilisation doctrineConcept
- Capital-flight inducementInstrument
- CATLActor
- Caucasus and Central Asian transhipment states (Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan)Actor
- Central bank and market-infrastructure resilience technologyTechnology
- Central bank digital currenciesTechnology
- Central Bank of IranInstitution
- Central Bank of VenezuelaInstitution
- Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission of the Chinese Communist PartyInstitution
- Central Huijin and China's national teamActor
- Central-bank reserve immobilisationInstrument
- Central-bank reserve immobilisation and confiscationConcept
- CFA franc monetary-cooperation arrangements (1945-present)Case
- ChainalysisActor
- Charter of the United Nations Act (Australia, 1945)Legal authority
- Chiang Mai Initiative MultilateralisationInstitution
- China (People's Republic)Actor
- China Committee (ChinCom)Institution
- China Development BankInstitution
- China Investment CorporationInstitution
- China Rare Earth GroupActor
- China's gallium and germanium export-control campaign (2023-present)Case
- China's informal economic pressure on South Korea over THAAD (2016-2017)Case
- China's informal restrictions on Norwegian salmon after the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize (2010-2016)Case
- China's rare-earth export licensing and magnet supply shock (2025-present)Case
- China's trade pressure on Lithuania over the Taiwanese Representative Office (2021-2025)Case
- China's trade restrictions on Australia and alleged economic coercion (2020-2024)Case
- Chinese anti-American boycott (1905-1906)Case
- Chinese anti-Japanese boycott after the Mukden Incident (1931-1932)Case
- Chinese critical minerals export controls (2010 to present)Legal authority
- Chinese graphite and antimony export controls (2023-present)Case
- Chinese import restrictions on Taiwanese fruit, fish and food (2021-2022)Case
- Chinese Maritime Customs ServiceInstitution
- Chinese restrictions on Philippine bananas during the Scarborough Shoal standoff (2012)Case
- CHIPS (Clearing House Interbank Payments System)Institution
- CHIPS access restrictionInstrument
- CHIPS Act and the semiconductor subsidy race (2022-present)Case
- CHIPS and Science Act guardrails (2022)Legal authority
- Chokepoint controlConcept
- Chokepoint denialConcept
- Chokepoint deterrence (chain of peace)Concept
- Chokepoint effectConcept
- Chokepoint identificationInstrument
- Chris MillerActor
- CIA economic intelligence (Office of Economic Research)Institution
- CIPSInstitution
- CISADA (2010)Legal authority
- CITGOInstitution
- Civilian uranium conversion and enrichment supplyTechnology
- CJEU Rosneft judgment (2017)Legal authority
- Classification societies and IACSInstitution
- Clearstream Banking S.A.Institution
- Cloud and compute-access denialInstrument
- CLS Bank InternationalInstitution
- Coal, coaling stations, and bunkering (Age of Sail to steam)Technology
- Coaling-station and bunker controlInstrument
- Coalition amplification mechanismInstrument
- Coalition coverage (the coverage problem)Concept
- Coalition immobilisation of Central Bank of Russia reserves (2022-present)Case
- Coalition sanctions and export controls against Russia after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine (2022-present)Case
- CoComInstitution
- CoCom-era export-control classification technologyTechnology
- Coercive capital controlsInstrument
- Cognitive warfareConcept
- Collateral economic damageConcept
- Collateral humanitarian effectConcept
- Collective resilienceConcept
- Colonial Pipeline ransomware disruption, 2021Case
- Combined Raw Materials BoardInstitution
- Combined-arms financial planningConcept
- Combined-arms integration (financial-kinetic fusion)Concept
- ComeconInstitution
- Commerce Control ListLegal authority
- Commercial Bank of Syria Section 311 special measure (2004-present)Case
- Commercial satellite imagery for maritime and economic-security intelligenceTechnology
- Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)Institution
- Commodity directionality targetingConcept
- Commodity futures exchanges and benchmark price infrastructure (Brent, LME)Technology
- Commodity weaponisationConcept
- Commodity-futures curve manipulationInstrument
- Commodity-price manipulationInstrument
- CompellenceConcept
- Competitive devaluation as economic weaponInstrument
- Competitive endurance (attrition by ledger)Concept
- Compliance cascadeConcept
- Compliance dilemmaConcept
- Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act (US, 1986)Legal authority
- Comprehensive versus targeted sanctionsConcept
- Compute as strategic resourceConcept
- Compute clusters and AI datacentres (sovereign AI compute)Technology
- Compute governance and on-chip location/verification mechanismsTechnology
- Concessional loans and credit linesInstrument
- Confederate cotton withholding and King Cotton diplomacy (1861-1863)Case
- Confidence collapseConcept
- Consumer boycott (state-orchestrated)Instrument
- Container identification and cargo-tracking systemsTechnology
- Content delivery networks and DNS infrastructureTechnology
- Continental System enforcement and licence-trade technology (Napoleonic era)Technology
- Continental System logicConcept
- Continuous voyage doctrine in prize and blockade lawLegal authority
- Contraband controlInstrument
- Contraband of war doctrine in maritime interdictionLegal authority
- Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (Gulf Cooperation Council)Institution
- Coordinated economic coercionConcept
- Coordinated social-media bot and amplification networksTechnology
- Cordell HullActor
- Corporate geopolitical-risk managementConcept
- Corporate Transparency Act (2021)Legal authority
- Corporate withdrawal and private self-sanctioning in Russia (2022-2023)Case
- Correspondent banking and Nostro/Vostro architectureTechnology
- Correspondent banking de-riskingConcept
- Correspondent-account closureInstrument
- Correspondent-banking network analysisInstrument
- COSCOActor
- Cost imposition strategyConcept
- Cost-imposition campaignInstrument
- Cotton and textile-industry technology (US Civil War "King Cotton")Technology
- Council of the European UnionInstitution
- Council Regulation 269/2014 (EU)Legal authority
- Council Regulation 833/2014 (EU)Legal authority
- Counter-kill chainConcept
- Counter-sanctions asset seizureInstrument
- Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 Schedule 7 (UK)Legal authority
- Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (2017)Legal authority
- Countermeasures under the ILC Articles on State Responsibility (2001)Legal authority
- Counterstrategy to economic warfareConcept
- Court of Justice of the European UnionInstitution
- Covert economic sabotageInstrument
- Credibility and resolveConcept
- Credit default swap and derivative market infrastructureTechnology
- Credit rating agencies and sovereign-rating infrastructureInstitution
- Creditor coordination and conditional finance during the Latin American debt crisis, 1982-1989Case
- Criminal Finances Act 2017 and unexplained wealth ordersLegal authority
- Critical mineral stockpiling and recycling technologyTechnology
- Critical minerals weaponisationConcept
- Critical theory of weaponised interdependenceConcept
- Critical-infrastructure ownership reviewInstrument
- Critical-mineral processing chokepointInstrument
- Cross-border oil and gas pipelines: Nord Stream, Druzhba and Power of SiberiaTechnology
- Cross-border payment messaging: SWIFT MT and ISO 20022Technology
- Cross-chain bridges and decentralised-finance protocolsTechnology
- Cross-domain effectsConcept
- Crypto exchanges as chokepoints (fiat on/off-ramps)Technology
- Cryptocurrency and stablecoin sanctions evasionInstrument
- Cryptocurrency mixers and tumblers (Tornado Cash, Blender.io)Technology
- Cryptographic and telecommunications embargo technologyTechnology
- CubaActor
- Cuban Assets Control Regulations (US, 1963)Legal authority
- Cuban Democracy Act (1992)Legal authority
- Currency counterfeiting as economic weaponInstrument
- Currency destabilisationConcept
- Currency manipulation (coercive)Instrument
- Currency swap line as statecraftInstrument
- Currency warfareConcept
- Currency-peg attackInstrument
- Customs and clearance obstructionInstrument
- Cyber-enabled financial disruptionInstrument
- Cyprus bank resolution and bail-in, 2013Case
D
- Da Afghanistan BankInstitution
- Daleep SinghActor
- Dames & Moore v Regan (US Supreme Court, 1981)Legal authority
- Dandong HongxiangActor
- Daniel DreznerActor
- Daniel McDowellActor
- Danske BankActor
- Data as strategic resource and cross-border data flowsTechnology
- Data as strategic terrainConcept
- Data Security Law (China, 2021)Legal authority
- Data-localisation and cross-border-data restrictionInstrument
- David A. BaldwinActor
- David S. CohenActor
- Dawes and Young Plans (1924-1930)Case
- De BeersInstitution
- De-dollarisation as backlash dynamicConcept
- Dean AchesonActor
- Debt relief and forgiveness as statecraftInstrument
- Debt-trap diplomacy (contested)Concept
- Declaration of London (1909)Legal authority
- DecouplingConcept
- Deemed-export controlsInstrument
- Deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithographyTechnology
- Deepfakes and synthetic media in financial disinformationTechnology
- Defence electronics and dual-use component controlsTechnology
- Defence Trade Controls Act (Australia, 2012, amended 2024)Legal authority
- Defense Production Act authorities (1950-present)Legal authority
- Defensive resilience doctrineConcept
- DegradeConcept
- DelayConcept
- Delisting and capital-market exclusionInstrument
- Demand-chain powerConcept
- Deniability in economic statecraftConcept
- Denial of landing and transit rightsInstrument
- Denied Persons ListLegal authority
- Denied-persons and unverified listsInstrument
- DenyConcept
- Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC)Institution
- Derivative-driven pressure campaignInstrument
- Desalination and water-infrastructure technologyTechnology
- Deterrence by denial (economic)Concept
- Deterrence by punishment (economic)Concept
- Development finance as statecraftInstrument
- Digital economic warfareConcept
- Digital identity and conditional-payment controlsTechnology
- Digital rubleTechnology
- Digital-services and fintech exclusionInstrument
- Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (US State)Institution
- Disinformation and market manipulationConcept
- Dismantle Iran's Proxy Act of 2025 (proposed US Senate bill)Legal authority
- DisruptConcept
- Disruption and contested control of the Strait of Hormuz during the 2026 Iran war (2026-present)Case
- Disruptive Technology Strike ForceInstitution
- Dissolving peace-war boundaryConcept
- Distant blockadeInstrument
- Dollar diplomacy in Central America and the Caribbean (1909-1913)Case
- Dollar hegemony and exorbitant privilegeConcept
- Dollar reserve, clearing and asset infrastructureTechnology
- Dollar-clearing denialInstrument
- Dollar-denominated oil trade and petrodollar recyclingConcept
- Domain-name and internet-governance control pointsTechnology
- Donald TrumpActor
- DrainConcept
- DRC minerals-for-security agreement (2025)Case
- Drone and loitering-munition component supply chainsTechnology
- Dual circulation strategyConcept
- Dual-use goods controlInstrument
- Dual-use technologyConcept
- Dubai Multi Commodities CentreInstitution
- Dutch intervention in Nexperia and Chinese export restrictions (2025-present)Case
E
- e-CNY: digital yuan infrastructureTechnology
- East India CompanyActor
- Economic and financial warfare (E&FW) as a unified domainConcept
- Economic coercionConcept
- Economic coercion doctrine (the doctrinal gap)Concept
- Economic coercion trilemmaConcept
- Economic containmentConcept
- Economic Cooperation Administration (Marshall Plan)Institution
- Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act (UK, 2022)Legal authority
- Economic Defense Advisory Committee (US)Institution
- Economic deterrenceConcept
- Economic deterrence playbook (adversary)Concept
- Economic engagementConcept
- Economic escalation ladderConcept
- Economic inducement versus coercionConcept
- Economic Kill Chain (EKC)Concept
- Economic security as national securityConcept
- Economic Security Promotion Act (Japan, 2022)Legal authority
- Economic statecraftConcept
- Economic warfareConcept
- Economy as battlefieldConcept
- ECOWAS sanctions against Mali (2022) and Niger (2023-2024)Case
- EDA-software export restrictionInstrument
- Edward FishmanActor
- Effects assessment (battle damage assessment for finance)Concept
- Egmont GroupInstitution
- Egyptian debt crisis, international financial control and British occupation (1876-1882)Case
- Electricity grids and cross-border interconnectorsTechnology
- Electronic design automation (EDA) softwareTechnology
- Elite-targeted (smart) sanctionsInstrument
- Elvira NabiullinaActor
- EmbargoInstrument
- Embargo Act (Switzerland, 2002)Legal authority
- Emergency petroleum stocks, storage and drawdown systemsTechnology
- Encryption technology, export controls and lawful-access policyTechnology
- End-use and end-user controlsInstrument
- Enemy Objectives UnitInstitution
- Enemy-property custodianship and vestingInstrument
- Energy supply guarantee as inducementInstrument
- Energy weaponisationConcept
- Energy-supply throttlingInstrument
- Enforcement against diversion of controlled Nvidia AI chips (2024-present)Case
- Enigma and commercial cipher machinesTechnology
- Entity List (15 CFR Part 744)Legal authority
- Entity-resolution and graph-analysis softwareTechnology
- Equity-volatility engineeringInstrument
- Escalation dominance in the economic domainConcept
- Espionage Act export control provisions (US, 1917)Legal authority
- EU Anti-Coercion Instrument (2023)Legal authority
- EU Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA)Institution
- EU Blocking Statute (Regulation 2271/96)Legal authority
- EU countervailing duties on battery electric vehicles from China (2023-present)Case
- EU country-level anti-circumvention export restrictions concerning Kyrgyzstan (2026-present)Case
- EU Dual-Use Regulation (2021/821)Legal authority
- EU FDI Screening Regulation (2019/452)Legal authority
- EU Freeze and Seize Task ForceInstitution
- EU gas-demand reduction, storage and LNG diversification (2022-2023)Case
- EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime (2020)Legal authority
- EU windfall profits and ERA loans mechanism (2024)Legal authority
- Eurasian Economic UnionInstitution
- EuroclearInstitution
- European banana regime and United States retaliation (1993-2001)Case
- European Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentInstitution
- European Central BankInstitution
- European CommissionInstitution
- European External Action ServiceInstitution
- European naval blockade and debt enforcement against Venezuela (1902-1903)Case
- European Peace FacilityInstitution
- European UnionActor
- European Union prohibition on SWIFT services to selected Russian banks (2022)Case
- Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and bond-market stress, 2010-2012Case
- Evil Corp (cybercriminal group)Actor
- Exchange-rate and capital-flow surveillance (panopticon)Instrument
- Execution (EKC Phase 4)Concept
- Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order (Setad/EIKO)Institution
- Executive Order 12170 (1979)Legal authority
- Executive Order 13224 (2001)Legal authority
- Executive Order 13382 (United States, 2005)Legal authority
- Executive Order 13608 (2012)Legal authority
- Executive Order 13662 (2014)Legal authority
- Executive Order 13846 (2018)Legal authority
- Executive Order 13873 and ICTS rules (2019)Legal authority
- Executive Order 13959 (2020)Legal authority
- Executive Order 14024 (2021)Legal authority
- Executive Order 14105 (2023)Legal authority
- Executive Order 14117 (2024)Legal authority
- Executive Order 8389 and Foreign Funds Control (US, 1940)Legal authority
- Executive Order 8832 (US, 1941)Legal authority
- Exon-Florio Amendment (1988)Legal authority
- Exploitation (EKC Phase 6)Concept
- Export Administration Act (United States, 1969 and 1979)Legal authority
- Export Administration Regulations (EAR)Legal authority
- Export banInstrument
- Export Control Act (UK, 2002)Legal authority
- Export Control Act (US, 1940)Legal authority
- Export Control Act (US, 1949)Legal authority
- Export control as strategic instrumentConcept
- Export Control Joint Unit (UK)Institution
- Export Control Law (China, 2020)Legal authority
- Export Control Reform Act (2018)Legal authority
- Export Finance AustraliaInstitution
- Export licensing of strategic materialsInstrument
- Export-control end-use and end-user verification technologyTechnology
- Export-control licensing regimeInstrument
- Export-credit suspensionInstrument
- Export-Import Bank of ChinaInstitution
- Export-Import Bank of the United StatesInstitution
- Expropriation and nationalisation as economic weaponInstrument
- Extraterritorial jurisdiction and effects-based regulationLegal authority
- ExtraterritorialityConcept
- Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographyTechnology
F
- Facial recognition and integrated surveillance exportsTechnology
- Fait accompli (economic)Concept
- FATCA (2010)Legal authority
- FATF grey and black listingLegal authority
- FATF monitoring of Lebanon and Banque du Liban Basic Circular 170 (2024-present)Case
- FATF Recommendations (1990, revised)Legal authority
- FATF-style regional bodies (MONEYVAL, APG and peers)Institution
- FCDO Sanctions DirectorateInstitution
- Federal Law 127-FZ on counter-sanctions (Russia, 2018)Legal authority
- Federal Reserve Bank of New YorkInstitution
- Federal Reserve SystemInstitution
- FedwireInstitution
- FEND Off Fentanyl Act and FinCEN Section 9714 measures (2024)Legal authority
- Fertiliser and agricultural-input denialInstrument
- Fibre-optic landing stations and internet exchange pointsTechnology
- Fidel CastroActor
- Finance as a domain of warfare (the sixth domain thesis)Concept
- Financial Action Task Force (FATF)Institution
- Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)Institution
- Financial embargo and loan-market closureInstrument
- Financial exclusionConcept
- Financial information battlespaceConcept
- Financial intelligence (FININT)Concept
- Financial intelligence (FININT) analytical platformsTechnology
- Financial Stability BoardInstitution
- Financial system as national-security assetConcept
- Financial warfareConcept
- Financial warfare command (dedicated capability)Concept
- Financial-market contagion and statecraft spilloversConcept
- Financialisation of conflictConcept
- FINTRACInstitution
- FIRRMA (2018)Legal authority
- First Opium War and the coerced opening of Qing China (1839-1842)Case
- First War Powers Act (United States, 1941)Legal authority
- Five Eyes intelligence partnershipInstitution
- Flag and registry pressureInstrument
- Flash-crash and liquidity-shock exploitationInstrument
- Food weaponisation (food security as leverage)Concept
- Food-export restriction as leverageInstrument
- Forced alignmentConcept
- Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act (Australia, 1975)Legal authority
- Foreign aid conditionalityInstrument
- Foreign Assets Control Regulations (US, 1950)Legal authority
- Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977)Legal authority
- Foreign Direct Product RuleLegal authority
- Foreign Economic Administration (United States, 1943-1945)Institution
- Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act (Japan, 1949, amended 2019)Legal authority
- Foreign Extraterritorial Measures Act (Canada, 1985)Legal authority
- Foreign Funds Control (US Treasury)Institution
- Foreign Investment and National Security Act (2007)Legal authority
- Foreign Investment Review Board (Australia)Institution
- Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (1999)Legal authority
- Foreign Relations Law (China, 2023)Legal authority
- Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (United States, 1976)Legal authority
- Foreign Trade Bank of the DPRKInstitution
- Foreign-availability and de-control assessmentInstrument
- Foreign-exchange settlement and CLS infrastructureTechnology
- Foreign-ownership limits in strategic sectorsInstrument
- Foreign-reserve confiscation and seizureInstrument
- Fortress Russia (sanctions insulation doctrine)Concept
- Fragmentation (geoeconomic)Concept
- FranceActor
- Franco-Prussian indemnity (1871-1873)Case
- Franklin D. RooseveltActor
- Fraud as statecraftConcept
- Freezing controls on enemy dollar assetsInstrument
- French dollar-to-gold conversions and the Bretton Woods challenge (1965-1968)Case
- French recognition indemnity imposed on Haiti (1825-1947)Case
- Friedrich ListActor
- Friend-shoring and de-riskingConcept
- From physical to financialised warfareConcept
- Front companies and shell-network layeringInstrument
- Frozen-asset repurposing and interest transferInstrument
- Fujian JinhuaActor
- Fund for the Afghan PeopleInstitution
- Fused intelligenceConcept
- FX shorting and speculative attackInstrument
G
- "Gerasimov Doctrine" (contested)Concept
- G7 oil price cap and EU embargo on Russian oil (2022-present)Case
- Gallium and germanium production, refining and export controlsTechnology
- Gamal Abdel NasserActor
- Garantex disruption, Grinex succession and A7A5 (2025-present)Case
- Gary Hufbauer, Jeffrey Schott and Kimberly ElliottActor
- Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF)Institution
- Gas-transit and pipeline coercionInstrument
- GATT Article XXI security exceptions (1947-present)Legal authority
- GazpromActor
- GazprombankInstitution
- General Administration of Customs of ChinaInstitution
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)Institution
- General License X and Iranian oil sanctions relief (2026)Case
- Geo-economics (geoeconomic manoeuvre)Concept
- Geoeconomic coercion of corporate networksConcept
- George C. MarshallActor
- German exchange control and clearing system (New Plan, 1934)Legal authority
- German passive resistance in the Ruhr and hyperinflation (1923)Case
- German reparations and the Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr (1919-1925)Case
- German unrestricted submarine campaign against Allied commerce (1915-1918)Case
- GermanyActor
- Ghost-bank and parallel-institution creationInstrument
- Gina RaimondoActor
- GlencoreActor
- Global blockade system (Age of Sail)Concept
- Global Magnitsky Act and EO 13818 (2016, 2017)Legal authority
- Global navigation alternatives (BeiDou, GLONASS, Galileo)Technology
- Global Positioning System (GPS) and GNSSTechnology
- Gold custody, vaulting and bullion logisticsTechnology
- Gold refining and assay technology (LBMA good-delivery)Technology
- Gold-flow and bullion denialInstrument
- Gold-smuggling and bullion-laundering channelInstrument
- Golden shares and special state control rightsInstrument
- Grain and food-supply manipulationInstrument
- Grain storage, refrigeration, and food logisticsTechnology
- Grain-handling and agricultural export technology (1980 Soviet grain embargo)Technology
- Graphite processing, anode materials and export controlsTechnology
- Great Firewall and national internet-filtering technologyTechnology
- Green-transition and critical-supply leverageInstrument
- Grey-zone competitionConcept
- Group of Seven (G7)Institution
- Group of Twenty (G20)Institution
- GunvorActor
H
- Haber-Bosch synthetic nitrogen fixationTechnology
- Hague Conventions (1907)Legal authority
- HamasActor
- Hambantota port financing and 99-year lease (2007-2017)Case
- Harpoon (Israeli economic warfare unit)Institution
- Harry Dexter WhiteActor
- Hassan NasrallahActor
- Hawala and informal value transferInstrument
- Hawala and other informal value transfer systemsInstitution
- Hawala-cryptocurrency hybridInstrument
- Helms-Burton Act (1996)Legal authority
- Henry Farrell and Abraham NewmanActor
- Henry KissingerActor
- Henry Morgenthau Jr.Actor
- Herbert HooverActor
- Hermann GöringActor
- HezbollahActor
- Hezbollah financial adaptation after the 2024 conflict (2024-present)Case
- Hickenlooper Amendment (US, 1962)Legal authority
- High-bandwidth memory (HBM)Technology
- High-performance computing for financial modelling and wargamingTechnology
- HikvisionActor
- Hjalmar SchachtActor
- HM TreasuryInstitution
- Hong KongActor
- Hong Kong Autonomy Act (2020)Legal authority
- Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act (2019)Legal authority
- Hong Kong market counter-intervention against the double play (1998)Case
- Hong Kong Monetary AuthorityInstitution
- HSBC and Standard Chartered United States enforcement actions (2012)Case
- HuaweiActor
- Hub-and-spoke network topologyConcept
- Hugh DaltonActor
- Huione GroupActor
- Humanitarian cost of sanctionsConcept
- Humanitarian exemptions and general licencesLegal authority
- Humanitarian-impact assessment (targeting instrument)Instrument
- Hybrid warfareConcept
- Hyperscale cloud infrastructureTechnology
I
- I.G. FarbenActor
- ICJ Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty (Iran v US, 2018)Legal authority
- ICJ Certain Iranian Assets (2023)Legal authority
- ICJ Nicaragua v United States (1986)Legal authority
- IEEPA tariff authority under Learning Resources (2025 to 2026)Legal authority
- Igor SechinActor
- IMF programme conditionality and geopolitical influenceInstrument
- IMF structural adjustment conditionality (1980s-1990s)Case
- Imperialist anatomy of sanctions (critique)Concept
- Import banInstrument
- Import, Export and Customs Powers (Defence) Act 1939Legal authority
- Index and benchmark exclusionInstrument
- Index providers and benchmark exclusionInstitution
- IndiaActor
- India SCOMET export control frameworkLegal authority
- India's decision to hold the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance (2025-present)Case
- India-Nepal transit restrictions and disputed blockade episodes (1989-1990; 2015-2016)Case
- India-Pakistan bilateral trade restrictions (2019-present)Case
- Indian blocking orders against Chinese mobile applications (2020-2021)Case
- Indigenisation (import substitution under pressure)Concept
- Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for ProsperityInstitution
- Indonesia nickel export ban and downstreaming (2014-2020)Case
- Inductive derivation and out-of-sample testingConcept
- Insider and privileged-information exploitationInstrument
- INSTEXInstitution
- Insurance and reinsurance withdrawalInstrument
- Integrated deterrence (United States, 2022)Concept
- Intended versus unintended effectsConcept
- Interagency synchronisationConcept
- Interbank-lending and liquidity denialInstrument
- International Court of JusticeInstitution
- International Emergency Economic Powers Act (1977)Legal authority
- International Energy AgencyInstitution
- International Financial Commission for GreeceInstitution
- International financial support for Mexico, 1995-1997Case
- International Group of P&I ClubsInstitution
- International Maritime OrganizationInstitution
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)Institution
- International Tin CouncilInstitution
- International Working Group on Russian Sanctions (Yermak-McFaul Group)Institution
- Investment Security Unit (United Kingdom)Institution
- Ion implantation, deposition, and etch equipmentTechnology
- IranActor
- Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act (2012)Legal authority
- Iran Sanctions Act (1996)Legal authority
- Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act (2012)Legal authority
- Iran-linked cryptocurrency use under sanctions (2023-present)Case
- Iran-United States Claims TribunalInstitution
- Iranian gas-for-gold scheme and the Halkbank prosecution (2012-2026)Case
- Iranian oil nationalisation and British oil embargo (1951-1953)Case
- Iranian rial depreciation during the 2012 sanctions escalationCase
- Iranian sanctions-evasion networks (2012-present)Case
- IraqActor
- Iraqi destruction of Kuwait's oil infrastructure, 1991Case
- IRISLActor
- Irregular warfare (economic dimension)Concept
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard CorpsActor
- Islamic StateActor
- IsraelActor
- Israeli Ministry of Defence terrorist-financing designationsLegal authority
- Israeli strikes and financial restrictions against Al-Qard Al-Hassan (2024-present)Case
- Issuer-controlled dollar stablecoins (USDT and USDC)Technology
- ITT CorporationActor
- Ivan (Jan) BlochActor
J
- J.P. Morgan & Co.Actor
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment (US, 1974)Legal authority
- Jacob Schiff and Kuhn, Loeb & Co.Actor
- Jake SullivanActor
- Jammal Trust BankInstitution
- Janet YellenActor
- JapanActor
- Japan Bank for International CooperationInstitution
- Japan's rare earth diversification as counter-coercion (2010-2026)Case
- Japan-South Korea export-control dispute (2019-2023)Case
- JCPOA sanctions relief and snapback (2015-2018)Case
- Jean MonnetActor
- Jefferson's Embargo Act (1807-1809)Case
- Jimmy CarterActor
- Johan GaltungActor
- John Maynard KeynesActor
- Johnson Act (US, 1934)Legal authority
- Joint War Committee and Listed AreasInstitution
- Joseph StalinActor
- Juan C. ZarateActor
- Jurisdiction as leverageConcept
- Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA) (2016)Legal authority
- Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (Canada, 2017)Legal authority
K
- Kadi v Council and Commission (ECJ, 2008)Legal authority
- Kaspersky LabActor
- KazakhstanActor
- Kevin WolfActor
- Khatam al-AnbiyaInstitution
- Kill-chain compressionConcept
- Kim Jong-unActor
- Kimberley Process Certification SchemeInstitution
- King Faisal of Saudi ArabiaActor
- Kirill DmitrievActor
- Knowledge distillation and model extraction in AITechnology
- Kommerzielle Koordinierung (KoKo)Institution
- KSE InstituteInstitution
- Kuwait and OmanActor
- Kuwait Investment AuthorityInstitution
- KYC and digital identity verification systemsTechnology
L
- Lachin corridor closure and blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh (2022-2023)Case
- Lancashire cotton famine during the American Civil War (1861-1865)Case
- Large language models for influence and market manipulationTechnology
- Launch capacity and space-access infrastructureTechnology
- Lawfare (legal warfare)Concept
- Lazarus GroupActor
- League of NationsInstitution
- League of Nations Article 16 threats in the Albanian border crisis (1921) and Greek-Bulgarian incident (1925)Case
- League of Nations sanctions against Italy over Ethiopia (1935-1936)Case
- LebanonActor
- Legacy and mature-node chipsTechnology
- Legality of unilateral economic sanctionsConcept
- Lend-Lease (1941-1945)Case
- Libya (Gaddafi era)Actor
- Libya sanctions, freeze and unfreezing (1986-2011)Case
- Lin ZexuActor
- Liquefied natural gas technology and terminalsTechnology
- Liquidity crisis inductionConcept
- Lithium, cobalt and nickel refining and downstreamingTechnology
- LithuaniaActor
- Liu HeActor
- Lloyd's marketInstitution
- London Bullion Market Association and Good DeliveryInstitution
- London Club processInstitution
- London Metal ExchangeInstitution
- Lord Robert CecilActor
- Lynas Rare EarthsActor
M
- Machine tools and precision manufacturing (Toshiba-Kongsberg affair)Technology
- Macon's Bill No. 2 (US, 1810)Legal authority
- Made in China 2025 industrial policy (2015-2025)Concept
- Magnitsky case and the expansion of targeted human-rights sanctions (2009-present)Case
- Mahathir MohamadActor
- Mainframe and supercomputer export controlsTechnology
- Malaysia's capital controls and exchange-rate defence, 1998-1999Case
- Malign financeConcept
- Mapping (EKC Phase 2)Concept
- Margaret DoxeyActor
- Marine insurance and shipping disruption in the Strait of Hormuz (2026-present)Case
- Maritime and AIS tracking exploitationInstrument
- Maritime chokepoint (Strait of Hormuz logic)Concept
- Maritime chokepoint interdictionInstrument
- Maritime insurance denial (P&I withdrawal)Instrument
- Mariya GrinbergActor
- Market psychology operationsConcept
- Market-access coercionInstrument
- Market-based warfareConcept
- Markets as the new frontlineConcept
- Marshall Plan and counterpart-fund leverage (1948-1952)Case
- Matthew LevittActor
- mBridgeInstitution
- Meir DaganActor
- Meng Wanzhou proceedings and Chinese detention of Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor (2018-2021)Case
- Mercantilism and the contested category of neomercantilismConcept
- Metrology and inspection equipmentTechnology
- Mexico blocking statute (1996)Legal authority
- Michael MastandunoActor
- MicronActor
- Middle East and Africa Bank (MEAB)Institution
- Mikhail Fridman and Petr AvenActor
- Milan Decree (1807)Legal authority
- Military End User and MEU List rules (2020)Legal authority
- Military-Civil Fusion (Civil-Military Fusion)Concept
- Minerals Security PartnershipInstitution
- Ministry of Blockade (United Kingdom, 1916-1919)Institution
- Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM)Institution
- Ministry of Economic Warfare (United Kingdom, 1939-1945)Institution
- Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)Institution
- Ministry of Finance (Japan)Institution
- Ministry of Foreign Trade (USSR)Institution
- Missile Technology Control RegimeInstitution
- Mitsui and Mitsubishi zaibatsuActor
- Mobile money and telecom-based transfer systemsTechnology
- Modern Fabian strategyConcept
- MOFCOM Blocking Rules (Order No. 1 of 2021)Legal authority
- Mohammad MosaddeghActor
- Moisés NaímActor
- Monetary Authority of SingaporeInstitution
- Montagu NormanActor
- Moscow ExchangeInstitution
- Moscow Narodny Bank and Banque Commerciale pour l'Europe du Nord (BCEN-Eurobank)Institution
- Most-favoured-nation withdrawalInstrument
- Muhammad Jafar QasirActor
- Multi-domain economic-warfare packageInstrument
- Multi-domain sequencingConcept
- Multilateral chip-control coalitionInstrument
- Multilateral Sanctions Monitoring TeamInstitution
- Multinational disruption of Hydra Market (2022)Case
- Multinational disruption of Liberty Reserve (2013)Case
- Multipolarity and economic warfareConcept
N
- Napoleon BonaparteActor
- Napoleon's Continental System (1806-1814)Case
- Narrative shaping (financial)Concept
- National Bureau for Counter-Terror Financing of IsraelInstitution
- National Crime Agency (United Kingdom)Institution
- National Defence Mobilisation Law (China, 2010)Legal authority
- National Development and Reform CommissionInstitution
- National Economic Crime Centre and JMLITInstitution
- National Emergencies Act (1976)Legal authority
- National Iranian Oil CompanyActor
- National Iranian Tanker CompanyInstitution
- Naulilaa arbitration (1928)Legal authority
- Naval blockadeInstrument
- Naval Prize Act 1864Legal authority
- Navicert system (1939)Legal authority
- Nazi exploitation of occupied European economies (1939-1945)Case
- NDAA FY2012 Section 1245 (2011)Legal authority
- NetherlandsActor
- Netherlands Overseas Trust CompanyInstitution
- Network centrality advantageConcept
- Network reconstitution (parallel rails)Concept
- Network-topology constructionInstrument
- Neural processing units and edge-AI siliconTechnology
- Neutral rights and duties in maritime war (1856-1909)Legal authority
- Never waste a crisis (opportunistic manipulation)Concept
- New Development Bank (BRICS)Institution
- New Generation Warfare (NGW)Concept
- Newport Manual on the Law of Naval Warfare (2023)Legal authority
- Nicholas MulderActor
- Nicolás MaduroActor
- Nigeria's land-border closure (2019-2020)Case
- Nitrate and guano extraction and shipping (19th century)Technology
- Nitrate control and fiscal effects of the War of the Pacific (1879-1884)Case
- NML Capital v Argentina, 2001-2016Case
- Non-fungible tokens and tokenised real-world assetsTechnology
- Non-Intercourse Act (US, 1809)Legal authority
- Non-intervention principle and economic coercionLegal authority
- Non-tariff barrier as coercionInstrument
- Non-War Military Activities (NWMA)Concept
- Nord Stream pipeline sabotage, 2022Case
- Norges Bank Investment Management (GPFG)Institution
- Norman AngellActor
- Normative constraints on economic warfareConcept
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Institution
- North KoreaActor
- North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act (2016)Legal authority
- North Korean cryptocurrency theft campaign (2017-present)Case
- North Korean overseas IT worker networksActor
- North Korean remote IT-worker revenue schemes (2022-present)Case
- NorwayActor
- Nostro pre-funding and third-country clearing arrangementsTechnology
- NotPetya, 2017Case
- NSPK and the Mir card systemInstitution
- Nuclear fuel-cycle, enrichment and supplier controlsTechnology
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act (US, 1978)Legal authority
- Nuclear reactor exports and lifecycle dependenceTechnology
- Nuclear Suppliers GroupInstitution
- Nurtured AI (conscious advantage)Concept
- NVIDIAActor
O
- OAPECInstitution
- OAPEC embargo resolutions (1973)Legal authority
- OAS and United Nations sanctions against Haiti (1991-1994)Case
- OAS sanctions against the Dominican Republic (1960-1962)Case
- OFAC 50 Percent RuleLegal authority
- OFAC digital asset sanctions practice (2018 to present)Legal authority
- OFAC general licencesLegal authority
- OFAC Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations (31 CFR Part 501)Legal authority
- OFAC wallet identifier updates and Tether freezes involving Central Bank of Iran-linked USDT (2026)Case
- OFAC-style targeted sanctionsInstrument
- Offensive cyber tools against financial infrastructureTechnology
- Office 39Actor
- Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI)Institution
- Office of Foreign Assets Control (United States)Institution
- Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI)Institution
- Office of Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes (United States Treasury)Institution
- Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (United States)Institution
- Office of the United States Trade RepresentativeInstitution
- Office of Trade Sanctions Implementation (OTSI)Institution
- Oil embargoInstrument
- Oil embargo and petroleum-denial infrastructure (Japan 1941)Technology
- Oil price capInstrument
- Oil refining capacity and refinery targetingTechnology
- Oil-for-Food Programme (1995-2003)Case
- Oleg DeripaskaActor
- Oligarch-network mapping and seizureInstrument
- Open registries and flag-state jurisdictionInstitution
- Open-source financial intelligenceConcept
- Open-source intelligence platforms for economic-security investigationTechnology
- Operation Bernhard counterfeit-sterling programme (1942-1945)Case
- Operation Mongoose economic sabotage against Cuba (1961-1963)Case
- Operation Safehaven (1944-1948)Case
- Opium War logic (coercion through trade)Concept
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)Institution
- Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC)Institution
- Organised to failConcept
- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)Institution
- Otto von BismarckActor
- Ottoman Public Debt AdministrationInstitution
- Outbound investment screeningInstrument
- Over-compliance (de-risking)Concept
P
- Pacific blockadeInstrument
- Pacific blockade doctrine (19th century)Legal authority
- Packaging and advanced packaging (CoWoS)Technology
- Pan-African Payment and Settlement System (PAPSS)Institution
- PanamaActor
- Panama-Paradise-Pandora leak exploitationInstrument
- Pandemic export restrictions on medical goods and vaccines (2020-2021)Case
- Panic induction (engineered contagion)Concept
- Panopticon effectConcept
- Parallel logistics railsConcept
- Paris ClubInstitution
- Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law (1856)Legal authority
- Payment-network weaponisation (card schemes)Instrument
- PBOC Digital Currency InstituteInstitution
- PDVSAInstitution
- Pension and sovereign-fund divestment mandateInstrument
- People's Bank of ChinaInstitution
- Perception managementConcept
- Permanent magnet manufacturing (NdFeB)Technology
- Persistent competition and the competition continuumConcept
- Peter AndreasActor
- Peter NavarroActor
- Petro (Venezuela)Technology
- Petrodollar recycling and US-Saudi financial arrangements (1974)Case
- PetroyuanConcept
- Photomask and reticle technologyTechnology
- Photoresist and specialty chemicalsTechnology
- Physical denial and embargo (antiquity model)Concept
- Pipeline and large-diameter pipe technology (Soviet gas pipeline embargo)Technology
- PLA encirclement exercises and Taiwan blockade scenarios (2022-2025)Case
- Port terminal operating systems and foreign operator controlTechnology
- Port-state control as economic weaponInstrument
- Positioning (EKC Phase 3)Concept
- Positioning and pre-staging of authoritiesInstrument
- Positive economic statecraft (inducement)Concept
- Post-11 September counter-terrorist-financing architecture (2001-2010)Case
- Post-sanctions economic recoveryConcept
- Postal, courier and express-logistics networksTechnology
- Practitioner-oriented positionalityConcept
- Precision-guided financial weaponsConcept
- Preclusive buying programmes (WWII)Instrument
- Preclusive purchasingInstrument
- Prediction markets as intelligenceConcept
- Preemptive commodity corneringInstrument
- Preferential market access as statecraftInstrument
- Preferential procurement and offset agreementsInstrument
- Preferential-tariff suspension (GSP withdrawal)Instrument
- Prepaid cards and stored-value instrumentsTechnology
- Presidential Decree 560 (Russia, 2014)Legal authority
- Pressler Amendment (US, 1985)Legal authority
- Pressure, court action and transfer of CK Hutchison's Panama ports concessions (2025-present)Case
- Price Cap CoalitionInstitution
- Price reporting agencies and commodity benchmarksInstitution
- Prince GroupActor
- Privacy coins (Monero, Zcash)Technology
- Private capital mobilisationConcept
- Prize law and prize courtsLegal authority
- Process-tracing of causal mechanismsConcept
- Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals (US, 1941)Legal authority
- Proclamation 3447 (US, 1962)Legal authority
- Procurement ban on adversary technologyInstrument
- Producer-state production coordinationInstrument
- Proliferation financingConcept
- Proliferation Security InitiativeInstitution
- Proliferation-financing sanctionsInstrument
- PromsvyazbankInstitution
- Proportionality (economic measures)Concept
- Proportionality and due process in targeted sanctionsLegal authority
- Prospective space-based solar-power infrastructureTechnology
- Protecting Europe's Energy Security Act (2019)Legal authority
- Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980Legal authority
- Proxy economic warfareConcept
- Public Investment Fund (Saudi Arabia)Institution
- Public-private coordination (aligning incentives)Concept
Q
- Qasem SoleimaniActor
- QatarActor
- Qatar Central BankInstitution
- Qatar diplomatic and economic embargo (2017-2021)Case
- Qatar Investment AuthorityInstitution
- Qiao Liang and Wang XiangsuiActor
- Qing opium prohibition edicts (1839)Legal authority
- Quad partnershipInstitution
- Quantum computing and post-quantum cryptographyTechnology
- Quantum sensing and timingTechnology
- Quds ForceActor
- Quota and quantitative restrictionInstrument
R
- Radar and electronic-warfare originsTechnology
- Radio and wireless broadcasting (early 20th century)Technology
- Railways and strategic rail logisticsTechnology
- Rambouillet Decree (1810)Legal authority
- Ransomware and crypto-extortion toolkitsTechnology
- Ransomware and extortion as state-tolerated financeInstrument
- Rapid-shock targetingConcept
- Rare-earth and critical-mineral export restrictionInstrument
- Rare-earth separation and refining technologyTechnology
- Re-export and transshipment controlsInstrument
- Real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systemsTechnology
- Reconnaissance (EKC Phase 1)Concept
- Reconstruction and stabilisation financeInstrument
- Red-teaming one's own frameworkConcept
- Reflexive controlConcept
- Reflexive control in financial marketsConcept
- Regulatory harassment of foreign firmsInstrument
- Regulatory shadow extensionConcept
- Reichsbank (Germany, 1876-1945)Institution
- Remittance channel restrictionInstrument
- Ren ZhengfeiActor
- Renaissance of economic warfareConcept
- Renminbi internationalisationConcept
- Reparations CommissionInstitution
- REPO for Ukrainians Act (2024)Legal authority
- REPO Task ForceInstitution
- Reported Chinese rare earth shipment interruption to Japan (2010)Case
- Reprisals Orders in Council (UK, 1915 and 1917)Legal authority
- Reserve Bank of IndiaInstitution
- Reserve diversification (gold accumulation)Concept
- Reserve-currency denialInstrument
- Resistance economy (Iran)Concept
- RetorsionLegal authority
- Retrospective validationConcept
- Reza ZarrabActor
- RhodesiaActor
- Richard NixonActor
- Right of angaryLegal authority
- RISC-V and open-instruction-set architecturesTechnology
- Rise and fall of economic statecraftConcept
- Robert LighthizerActor
- Robert PapeActor
- Robust and dispersed manufacturing (precursor to statecraft)Technology
- Roger W. RobinsonActor
- Roman AbramovichActor
- Rome Statute Article 8(2)(b)(xxv) (1998)Legal authority
- Ronald ReaganActor
- RosneftActor
- Rothschild banking housesActor
- Rouble gas payment decree (Russia, March 2022)Legal authority
- Rubber plantation and natural-rubber logistics (WWII Pacific)Technology
- Rules-based versus ad hoc coercionConcept
- RussiaActor
- Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations (UK, 2019)Legal authority
- Russia's gas-for-roubles mechanism and pipeline supply reductions to Europe (2022)Case
- Russia's rouble defence and capital controls (2022)Case
- Russia-Ukraine gas supply and transit disputes (2006 and 2009)Case
- Russian blockade of Ukrainian grain exports and the Black Sea Grain Initiative (2022-2023)Case
- Russian capital control decrees (2022)Legal authority
- Russian Direct Investment FundInstitution
- Russian economic restrictions against Turkey after the Su-24 shootdown (2015-2016)Case
- Russian financial crisis and domestic debt default, 1998Case
- Russian food-import countermeasures and import substitution (2014-present)Case
- Russian grain and fertiliser statecraft during the war against Ukraine (2022-present)Case
- Russian National Wealth FundInstitution
- Russian oil-trade shadow fleet under post-2022 price-cap controls (2022-present)Case
- Russian oligarchsActor
- Russian procurement and trade rerouting through Eurasian hubs under post-2022 controls (2022-present)Case
- Russian reserve diversification and payments adaptation (2014-2022)Case
- Russian sanitary restrictions on Georgian and Moldovan wine and produce (2006-2013)Case
- Russian trade pressure on Ukraine before the EU Association Agreement (2013)Case
S
- Saddam HusseinActor
- Salvador AllendeActor
- Samsung Electronics and SK HynixActor
- San Remo Manual (1994)Legal authority
- Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act (UK, 2018)Legal authority
- Sanctions as signallingConcept
- Sanctions design and calibrationConcept
- Sanctions effectiveness debateConcept
- Sanctions evasion as system designConcept
- Sanctions fatigue (diminishing marginal returns)Concept
- Sanctions following Russia's annexation of Crimea and intervention in eastern Ukraine (2014-2022)Case
- Sanctions following the Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests (1998-2001)Case
- Sanctions leakageConcept
- Sanctions list and watchlist screening technologyTechnology
- Sanctions overreachConcept
- Sanctions safe havenConcept
- Sanctions selection biasConcept
- Sanctions-bustingConcept
- Sanctions-compliance and RegTech automationTechnology
- Sanctions-evasion procurement networkInstrument
- Sanctions-list saturationInstrument
- SASACInstitution
- Satellite communications ground stations and gatewaysTechnology
- Satellite constellations and Starlink-class LEO networksTechnology
- Saudi ArabiaActor
- Saudi AramcoActor
- Saudi Central Bank (SAMA)Institution
- Saudi economic measures against Canada (2018-2023)Case
- Saudi oil production increase and price decline (1985-1986)Case
- Saudi-Russian oil production and price confrontation (2020)Case
- SberbankInstitution
- Schachtian bilateral clearing and the Reichsmark bloc (1934-1939)Case
- SECOInstitution
- Secondary boycottConcept
- Secondary sanctionsInstrument
- Section 232, Trade Expansion Act (1962)Legal authority
- Section 301, Trade Act (1974)Legal authority
- Sectoral sanctionsInstrument
- Sectoral Sanctions Identifications (SSI) ListLegal authority
- Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act (2019)Legal authority
- Secure-enclave and confidential-computing technologyTechnology
- Security of Critical Infrastructure Act (Australia, 2018)Legal authority
- Self-undermining arsenalConcept
- Semiconductor and lithography equipment denialInstrument
- Semiconductor and technology reshoring (fabs, CHIPS-Act-class capacity)Technology
- Semiconductor chokepointConcept
- Semiconductor foundry capacity (TSMC, Samsung, GlobalFoundries)Technology
- Semiconductor testing, assembly, and OSAT capacityTechnology
- Semiconductor-grade materials denial (neon, gallium, germanium)Instrument
- Semiconductor-grade rare gases (neon) and process gasesTechnology
- Sentiment analysis and market-psychology toolingTechnology
- Sergei GlazyevActor
- Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act (2012)Legal authority
- Server and networking hardware (InfiniBand, high-speed interconnect)Technology
- Shadow fleetInstrument
- Shanghai Cooperation OrganisationInstitution
- Shanghai International Energy ExchangeInstitution
- Sheikh Ahmed Zaki YamaniActor
- Shimonoseki indemnity and its financing (1895)Case
- Ship registries and flags of convenienceTechnology
- Ship warrant scheme (1941)Legal authority
- Ship-to-ship transfer techniquesTechnology
- Shipbuilding and dry-dock capacityTechnology
- Short-selling attack on strategic firmsInstrument
- Sierra Leone diamond sanctions and the Kimberley Process (2000-2003)Case
- Sigal MandelkerActor
- Signalling versus material effectConcept
- Signals intelligence and cryptanalysis in economic warfare (ULTRA and MAGIC)Technology
- Silent-siege attrition strategyInstrument
- Silicon shieldConcept
- Silicon wafer and polysilicon productionTechnology
- Silk Road FundInstitution
- Silver Purchase Act (US, 1934)Legal authority
- Sinaloa and CJNG-linked precursor and finance networksActor
- SingaporeActor
- Sino-Soviet split and Soviet aid withdrawal (1960-1962)Case
- SIOP for economic conflictConcept
- Slobodan MiloševićActor
- Smart (targeted) sanctionsConcept
- SMICActor
- Smoot-Hawley tariff escalation and international retaliation (1930-1934)Case
- SnapbackConcept
- Social-media-driven financial destabilisationInstrument
- Societe Suisse de Surveillance EconomiqueInstitution
- Software and cloud-service denialInstrument
- Solar photovoltaic manufacturing and polysilicon supplyTechnology
- South Africa (apartheid era)Actor
- South KoreaActor
- South Manchuria Railway CompanyInstitution
- Southeast Asian scam-centre networksActor
- Southern Rhodesia Act (UK, 1965)Legal authority
- SovcomflotActor
- Sovereign bond market and clearing infrastructureTechnology
- Sovereign debt weaponisationConcept
- Sovereign external-liquidity crisisConcept
- Sovereign immunity of central bank assetsLegal authority
- Sovereign-bond attackInstrument
- Sovereign-CDS-spread manipulationInstrument
- Sovereign-credit-rating pressureInstrument
- Sovereign-wealth-fund deploymentInstrument
- Soviet blockade of West Berlin and Western counter-blockade (1948-1949)Case
- Soviet grain purchases in the United States (1972)Case
- Soviet-bloc economic coercion against Yugoslavia (1948-1955)Case
- Space and satellite-service denialInstrument
- Special drawing rights and the IMF SDR systemTechnology
- Special Economic Measures Act (Canada, 1992)Legal authority
- Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons ListLegal authority
- SPFSInstitution
- Standards and patent-pool exclusionInstrument
- State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE)Institution
- State Atomic Energy Corporation RosatomInstitution
- State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank)Institution
- State Department Office of Sanctions CoordinationInstitution
- State quantum-key-distribution and secure-communications networksTechnology
- State-directed cryptocurrency theftInstrument
- State-directed investment and FDI inducementInstrument
- State-owned enterprises as statecraft instrumentsInstrument
- Statutory blacklist (trading-with-the-enemy list)Instrument
- Statutory blockade rationingInstrument
- Statutory List under the Trading with the Enemy (Extension of Powers) Act 1915Legal authority
- Steam navigation and the coaling-station networkTechnology
- Stephen MiranActor
- Strategic bombing and precision industrial targetingTechnology
- Strategic bombing of economic capacityConcept
- Strategic corporate acquisitionInstrument
- Strategic economic autonomyConcept
- Strategic materials substitution, synthesis and recyclingTechnology
- Strategic node (critical hub)Concept
- Strategic resilience versus tactical successConcept
- Strategic standard-setting and protocol governanceInstrument
- Strategic stockpilingInstrument
- Strategic surprise (financial)Concept
- Strategic-bombing of economic targetsInstrument
- Structural degradation targetingConcept
- Stuart LeveyActor
- Submarine communications cablesTechnology
- SUCRE and ALBA payment mechanismsInstitution
- Suez Canal CompanyInstitution
- Supply-chain cyber compromise (hardware and firmware implants)Technology
- Supply-chain intelligence and data controlConcept
- Supply-chain resilienceConcept
- Supreme Economic Council (1919)Institution
- Susan StrangeActor
- Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) and STR systemsTechnology
- Suspicious Activity Report exploitationInstrument
- SWIFTInstitution
- SWIFT and interbank network intrusion techniquesTechnology
- SWIFT disconnectionInstrument
- SWIFT disconnection of EU-designated Iranian banks (2012)Case
- SWIFT sanctions-screening and filtering technologyTechnology
- Swing-producer price warfareInstrument
- SwitzerlandActor
- Symington and Glenn Amendments (US, 1976 and 1977)Legal authority
- Synthetic identity, deepfake and generative-fraud technologyTechnology
- Synthetic rubber (Buna) and coal-derived synthetic fuelTechnology
- Syria sanctions, the Caesar Act and United States relief (2011-present)Case
- Systemic blowbackConcept
T
- TaiwanActor
- Taiwan blockade scenario (economic dimension)Concept
- Talent and knowledge-transfer restrictionInstrument
- TalibanActor
- Tamara MakarenkoActor
- TARGET2Institution
- Targeted sanctions against Myanmar's military authorities after the coup (2021-present)Case
- Targeting modelConcept
- Tariff as coercive instrumentInstrument
- Task Force KleptoCaptureInstitution
- Team TelecomInstitution
- Technology containment (Cold War model)Concept
- Technology containment targetingConcept
- Technology denialConcept
- Technology-embargo bundleInstrument
- Telecommunications network equipment and semiconductor supply dependenceTechnology
- Tempo as operational principleConcept
- Temporary external administration decree (Russia, 2023)Legal authority
- Terrorism Risk Insurance Act Section 201 (2002)Legal authority
- Terrorist Asset-Freezing etc. Act (UK, 2010)Legal authority
- Terrorist-financing designation (SDGT)Instrument
- TetherActor
- The 2008 financial crisis as an economic-warfare hypothesisCase
- The economic bombConcept
- The economic weapon (interwar sanctions doctrine)Concept
- The electric telegraph and cable networks (19th century)Technology
- The escalation ladder from engagement to warfareConcept
- The financial warfare revolution (post-9/11)Concept
- The Five Ds (Deny, Disrupt, Degrade, Delay, Drain)Concept
- The naval mine and contraband-control technologyTechnology
- The Prize Cases (United States Supreme Court, 1863)Legal authority
- The Zamora (Privy Council, 1916)Legal authority
- Third-country intermediary routingInstrument
- Third-country intermediationConcept
- Third-party countermeasuresLegal authority
- Thomas JeffersonActor
- Thomas SchellingActor
- Three warfaresConcept
- Tokenised deposits and distributed-ledger settlementTechnology
- Tool selection and sequencingConcept
- Toshiba-Kongsberg export-control affair (1982-1988)Case
- Total economic mobilisationConcept
- Tourism flow restrictionInstrument
- TRACFINInstitution
- Trade and customs data analytics systemsTechnology
- Trade denial (denial of production inputs)Concept
- Trade destination restrictionInstrument
- Trade sanctionsInstrument
- Trade-agreement suspension or abrogationInstrument
- Trade-based money launderingInstrument
- Trade-data and customs-manifest analysisInstrument
- Trade-finance denialInstrument
- Trading with the Enemy Act (UK, 1914)Legal authority
- Trading with the Enemy Act (UK, 1939)Legal authority
- Trading with the Enemy Act (United States, 1917)Legal authority
- Trading with the Enemy Branch (United Kingdom)Institution
- Transaction monitoring and anomaly-detection systemsTechnology
- Transnational boycott of Danish goods during the cartoons crisis (2006)Case
- Treasury Office of Intelligence and AnalysisInstitution
- Treasury Office of Investment SecurityInstitution
- Treasury's War (financial statecraft fusion)Concept
- Trianon and Fontainebleau Decrees (1810)Legal authority
- Troika conditionality and Greece (2010-2015)Case
- TSMCActor
- Tungsten, wolfram, and neutral-state ore trade (WWII)Technology
- TurkeyActor
- Turkey's land-border closure with Armenia and partial normalisation (1993-present)Case
- Türkiye Halk Bankası A.Ş. (Halkbank)Institution
U
- UkraineActor
- Ukraine power grid attacks (2015-2016)Case
- Ukraine's wartime monetary and financial defence (2022-2023)Case
- UN 1267 (ISIL and Al-Qaida) Sanctions CommitteeInstitution
- UN 1267 Ombudsperson (2009)Legal authority
- UN 1718 Committee and DPRK Panel of ExpertsInstitution
- UN Compensation CommissionInstitution
- UN Special Committee against ApartheidInstitution
- UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)Institution
- Underground financial systemConcept
- Undersea cable cutting and sabotage capabilityTechnology
- Undersea-cable and data-routing controlInstrument
- Unfriendly states list (Russia, 2022)Legal authority
- Union blockade of the Confederacy (1861-1865)Case
- Union blockade proclamations (US, 1861)Legal authority
- UnionPayInstitution
- Unit 4400Actor
- United Arab EmiratesActor
- United KingdomActor
- United Kingdom financial measures against Argentina during the Falklands War (1982)Case
- United Nations and allied sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992-2001)Case
- United Nations Charter Article 41 (1945)Legal authority
- United Nations comprehensive sanctions on Iraq (1990-2003)Case
- United Nations debate on unilateral coercive measuresConcept
- United Nations sanctions against Southern Rhodesia and the Beira Patrol (1965-1979)Case
- United Nations sanctions on Eritrea (2009-2018)Case
- United Nations sanctions on UNITA's diamond finance in Angola (1993-2002)Case
- United Nations sanctions regime against North Korea (2006-present)Case
- United Nations Security CouncilInstitution
- United StatesActor
- United States advanced-computing and semiconductor controls on China (2022-present)Case
- United States aerial mining campaign against Japanese shipping (1945)Case
- United States AI diffusion rule, non-enforcement and destination-specific controls (2025-present)Case
- United States and allied embargo controls against the People's Republic of China (1950-1971)Case
- United States blocking sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil (2025-present)Case
- United States Board of Economic Warfare (1941-1943)Institution
- United States coordinated resolutions with Binance (2023-present)Case
- United States debt-limit brinkmanship and the 2011 sovereign downgradeCase
- United States denial order and settlements with ZTE (2016-2018)Case
- United States Department of Justice National Security DivisionInstitution
- United States Department of the TreasuryInstitution
- United States designation and delisting of Tornado Cash (2022-2025)Case
- United States economic pressure against the Soviet Union under Reagan (1981-1989)Case
- United States economic pressure and covert action against Allende's Chile (1970-1973)Case
- United States embargo against Cuba (1960-present)Case
- United States Entity List and foreign direct product rule campaign against Huawei (2019-present)Case
- United States Entity List controls on SMIC (2020-present)Case
- United States export controls, asset freeze and de facto oil embargo against Japan (1940-1941)Case
- United States extraterritorial controls in the Siberian gas pipeline dispute (1981-1982)Case
- United States financial pressure on Britain during the Suez Crisis (1956)Case
- United States financial pressure on Panama under Manuel Noriega (1988-1989)Case
- United States forced-divestiture policy towards TikTok (2020-present)Case
- United States freeze of Iranian government assets during the hostage crisis (1979-1981)Case
- United States freeze of People's Republic of China assets (1950-1979)Case
- United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union (1980-1981)Case
- United States IEEPA tariff programme and judicial invalidation (2025-2026)Case
- United States maximum-pressure campaigns against Venezuela and Cuba (2019-present)Case
- United States maximum-pressure sanctions campaign against Iran (2018-2021)Case
- United States National Security Council international economics staffInstitution
- United States naval quarantine of Cuba (1962)Case
- United States Neutrality Acts (1935-1939)Legal authority
- United States Russia sanctions and the Rusal-Deripaska action (2014-2019)Case
- United States sanctions against Venezuela and PDVSA (2017-present)Case
- United States sanctions and tariffs in the Brunson dispute with Turkey (2018)Case
- United States sanctions concerning Nord Stream 2 (2017-2022)Case
- United States sanctions on Poland after martial law (1981-1987)Case
- United States sanctions on Sudan and staged relief (1997-2020)Case
- United States Section 232 steel and aluminium tariffs (2018-present)Case
- United States Section 311 action against Lebanese Canadian Bank (2011-2015)Case
- United States Securities and Exchange CommissionInstitution
- United States Siberian pipeline export controls (1981-1982)Legal authority
- United States soybean export controls (1973)Case
- United States Strategic Bombing SurveyInstitution
- United States suspension of dollar convertibility and import surcharge (1971)Case
- United States Terrorist Finance Tracking Program and its disclosure (2001-2006)Case
- United States trade and financial embargo against Vietnam (1975-1994)Case
- United States trade embargo against Nicaragua (1985-1990)Case
- United States unrestricted submarine campaign against Japanese shipping (1941-1945)Case
- United States, European Union and United Kingdom measures concerning Zimbabwe (2001-present)Case
- United States-China tariff conflict and Phase One agreement (2018-2020)Case
- United States-Japan semiconductor dispute and coordinated currency realignment (1985-1991)Case
- United States-led financial pressure campaign against Iran (2006-2015)Case
- Unreliable Entity List (China, 2020)Legal authority
- Unrestricted warfareConcept
- UNSCR 1173 (1998)Legal authority
- UNSCR 1267 (1999)Legal authority
- UNSCR 1373 (2001)Legal authority
- UNSCR 1540 (2004)Legal authority
- UNSCR 1718 and the North Korea sanctions series (2006 to 2017)Legal authority
- UNSCR 1737 (2006)Legal authority
- UNSCR 1929 (2010)Legal authority
- UNSCR 1970 (2011)Legal authority
- UNSCR 2231 (2015)Legal authority
- UNSCR 232 (1966)Legal authority
- UNSCR 2417 (2018)Legal authority
- UNSCR 2664 (2022)Legal authority
- UNSCR 418 (1977)Legal authority
- UNSCR 661 (1990)Legal authority
- UNSCR 687 (1991)Legal authority
- UNSCR 748 (1992)Legal authority
- UNSCR 757 (1992)Legal authority
- UNSCR 841 (1993)Legal authority
- UNSCR 864 (1993)Legal authority
- UNSCR 986 and the Oil-for-Food Programme (1995)Legal authority
- Unverified ListLegal authority
- Uranium and nuclear-fuel supply controlInstrument
- US International Development Finance CorporationInstitution
- US secondary banking and oil sanctions against Iran under CISADA and NDAA (2010-2012)Case
- US-Japan-Netherlands semiconductor control coalitionInstitution
- USA PATRIOT Act Section 311 (2001)Legal authority
- USA PATRIOT Act Section 314Legal authority
- USA PATRIOT Act Sections 317 and 319Legal authority
- USA PATRIOT Act Title III (2001)Legal authority
- Use of extraordinary revenues from immobilised Russian sovereign assets and G7 ERA loans (2024-present)Case
- USMCA non-extension and annual review process (2026-present)Case
- Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (2021)Legal authority
V
- Valery GerasimovActor
- Van Loon v Department of the Treasury (Fifth Circuit, 2024)Legal authority
- Venezuela under Nicolas MaduroActor
- Venezuela's Petro sovereign token (2017-2024)Case
- Venezuelan central-bank gold control litigation in the United Kingdom (2019-present)Case
- Versailles Treaty reparations articles (1919)Legal authority
- Viktor BoutActor
- Visa and Mastercard payment networksInstitution
- Visa and travel-ban designationInstrument
- Visit and search doctrineLegal authority
- Vladimir PutinActor
- Vnesheconombank (VEB.RF)Institution
- VTB BankInstitution
- Vulnerability assessment (target susceptibility)Concept
W
- W. N. MedlicottActor
- Wagner GroupActor
- Wally AdeyemoActor
- Walt W. RostowActor
- Walther RathenauActor
- WannaCry ransomware attack and attribution (2017-2018)Case
- War by the United States and Israel against Iran, including Operation Epic Fury (2026)Case
- War Raw Materials Department (Kriegsrohstoffabteilung)Institution
- War Trade Board (United States, 1917-1919)Institution
- War Trade Intelligence Department (UK)Institution
- War-reparations and indemnity as economic pressureInstrument
- War-risk insurance manipulationInstrument
- Wartime energy economicsConcept
- Wassenaar ArrangementInstitution
- Water and hydrological coercionInstrument
- Weaponisation backlashConcept
- Weaponised interdependenceConcept
- Weaponising quantitative financeConcept
- Western credit and trade restrictions affecting the Soviet Union (1925-1934)Case
- Whole-of-government economic statecraftConcept
- William J. CaseyActor
- Wind-turbine and grid-scale renewables supply chainsTechnology
- Winston ChurchillActor
- Withdrawal of Western Aswan High Dam financing (1956)Case
- Wolfsberg GroupInstitution
- Woodrow WilsonActor
- World Bank (IBRD and IDA)Institution
- World Customs OrganizationInstitution
- World Trade OrganizationInstitution
- WTO China - Raw Materials and China - Rare Earths rulings (2012, 2014)Legal authority
- WTO Russia - Traffic in Transit (2019)Legal authority
X
Y
Z
- Zangger Committee (1971)Legal authority
- ZollvereinInstitution
- ZTEActor