Updates and change log

Research and source maintenance across 22 entries

Three targeted factual corrections, 21 verified bibliography additions and five corrections to existing preprint references. Bibliography updates do not establish fresh review of every body claim.

17 entries revised · 5 corrections

1. Revised
   Singapore

   Added research on Singapore's agency in great-power technology competition.

2. Revised
   Corporate withdrawal and private self-sanctioning in Russia (2022-2023)

   Added experimental research on public attitudes to corporate sanctions compliance and evasion.

3. Corrected
   Chokepoint control

   Corrected an existing SSRN reference to identify its preprint status and preserve year-only publication precision.

4. Revised
   Critical theory of weaponised interdependence

   Added research on the conceptual limits of weaponised interdependence in lithium and rare-earth markets.

5. Revised
   Economic security as national security

   Added research on EU member-state trade vulnerabilities and corrected an existing SSRN reference's outlet and date precision.

6. Revised
   Economic statecraft

   Added a chapter on contemporary economic statecraft and a preprint on US energy transformation and Middle East strategy.

7. Revised
   Fragmentation (geoeconomic)

   Added three studies of AI, trade and value-chain fragmentation, and corrected an existing SSRN reference's outlet and date precision.

8. Revised
   Geoeconomic coercion of corporate networks

   Added research on semiconductor corporate power and governments as strategic actors.

9. Revised
   Hybrid warfare

   Added a verified SSRN preprint on media instruments and the legitimisation of sanctions, preserving year-only date precision.

10. Revised
    Indigenisation (import substitution under pressure)

    Added an Oxford chapter on computing substitution and strategic production choices.

11. Revised
    Financial-market contagion and statecraft spillovers

    Added a working paper on geoeconomic risk in US stock markets and corrected an existing SSRN reference's outlet and date precision.

12. Corrected
    Sanctions design and calibration

    Corrected an existing SSRN reference to identify its preprint status and preserve year-only publication precision.

13. Revised
    Smart (targeted) sanctions

    Added research on UN sanctions and the treatment of sexual and gender-based violence.

14. Revised
    European Commission

    Added research on the Commission's role in trilogues for geoeconomic instruments.

15. Corrected
    REPO Task Force

    Clarified that the March 2023 statement described forfeiture enabling a prospective USD 5.4 million transfer, rather than establishing an already completed transfer.

16. Revised
    Critical-mineral processing chokepoint

    Added research on midstream processing power in critical-mineral supply chains.

17. Revised
    Secondary sanctions

    Added a verified SSRN preprint on US secondary sanctions and Chinese countermeasures, preserving year-only date precision.

18. Corrected
    Corporate Transparency Act (2021)

    Updated the operative account for FinCEN's final rule effective 14 August 2026, including US person company-applicant and FinCEN identifier exemptions.

19. Revised
    Global Magnitsky Act and EO 13818 (2016, 2017)

    Added a Basel Institute working paper on corruption sanctions; no new body claim was introduced.

20. Corrected
    Sectoral Sanctions Identifications (SSI) List

    Updated OFAC's observed list-update date to 14 September 2026 and distinguished it from the effective dates of individual restrictions.

21. Revised
    Central bank digital currencies

    Added an official speech on technology, money and financial infrastructure.

22. Revised
    Rare-earth separation and refining technology

    Added research on Japan's residual midstream dependency after diversification.

Five entries updated from controlled research review

Five entries received verified bibliography additions from abstract-only evidence. No factual body claim was added without lawful full text. The homepage change-context correction is included in this release.

5 entries revised

1. Revised
   Chokepoint control

   Added an SSRN preprint on the erosion and adaptation dynamics of artificial-intelligence compute controls. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

2. Revised
   Entity List (15 CFR Part 744)

   Added a World Economy article on Entity List effects on Chinese firms' capacity utilisation. No body claim was added from publisher-supplied abstract evidence.

3. Revised
   Sanctions design and calibration

   Added an SSRN preprint on financial sanctions and bank stability over time. No body claim was added from publisher-supplied abstract evidence.

4. Revised
   Financial-market contagion and statecraft spillovers

   Added an SSRN preprint on financial-sanctions spillovers into neutral transit economies. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

5. Revised
   Economic security as national security

   Added an SSRN preprint on national securitisation from food systems to advanced computing. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

6. Feature
   Homepage recent-change context

   Recent changes drawn from more than one release are now labelled by release count rather than carrying a misleading single date.

Four entries updated from controlled research review

Two entries received bounded substantive revisions from lawful open full text, and two received verified bibliography additions from abstract-only evidence.

4 entries revised

1. Revised
   Sanctions design and calibration

   Added a bounded finding on sanctions and domestic state capacity from a Research Square preprint, with its non-peer-reviewed status, identification limits and inconsistent sample dates stated explicitly.

2. Revised
   Geoeconomic coercion of corporate networks

   Added an SSRN preprint applying weaponised interdependence to multinational sports enterprises. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

3. Revised
   Green-transition and critical-supply leverage

   Added research on Brazil's energy-transition industrial policy and the endogenous centrality of critical-mineral networks. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

4. Revised
   Humanitarian cost of sanctions

   Added bounded full-text evidence on pathways of health-service disruption in Iran, with the commentary's heterogeneous evidence, attribution limits and preliminary 2026 material stated explicitly.

Two entries updated from controlled research review

Two entries received verified bibliography additions from the controlled research workflow. No factual body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

2 entries revised

1. Revised
   Cloud and compute-access denial

   Added an SSRN preprint on the gap between traditional export controls and cloud-based compute access. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

2. Revised
   Rare-earth and critical-mineral export restriction

   Added an SSRN preprint reviewing export controls on energy-related raw materials and resource-based industrialisation. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

Five entries updated from controlled research review

Five entries received verified bibliography additions from the controlled research workflow. No factual body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

5 entries revised

1. Revised
   Compute as strategic resource

   Added a preprint on concentration and chokepoints across the artificial-intelligence supply chain. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

2. Revised
   Rare-earth and critical-mineral export restriction

   Added a Research Square preprint on magnetic rare-earth export controls and technological change. The source is labelled as not peer reviewed, and no body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

3. Revised
   Strategic economic autonomy

   Added an SSRN preprint on sovereignty, value appropriation and industrial statecraft in fragmented global value chains. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

4. Revised
   MOFCOM Blocking Rules (Order No. 1 of 2021)

   Added an SSRN preprint assessing China's first prohibition order under the Blocking Rules. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

5. Revised
   Export control as strategic instrument

   Added an SSRN preprint on export controls, retaliation and innovation outcomes. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

Five entries updated from controlled research review

Five entries were revised through the evidence-gated research workflow. One received bounded substantive evidence from an open full-text study, while four received bibliography additions matched to the evidence lawfully available.

5 entries revised

1. Revised
   Fragmentation (geoeconomic)

   Added a bibliography reference on security exceptions and the weaponisation of economic interdependence. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

2. Revised
   Trade sanctions

   Added a bibliography reference on the causal effects of international sanctions on agricultural trade. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

3. Revised
   Export control as strategic instrument

   Added bounded firm-level evidence on Japanese suppliers' adjustment to United States export controls, with the study's sample and identification limits stated explicitly.

4. Revised
   Rare-earth and critical-mineral export restriction

   Added a clearly labelled, non-peer-reviewed preprint to the bibliography. No body claim was added without lawful full-text evidence.

5. Revised
   AI-chip and compute export control

   Added a relevant preprint to the bibliography. No body claim was added from abstract-only evidence.

Public change log launched

A reader-facing release history, homepage update panel and RSS feed now make substantive changes visible as the Encyclopedia evolves.

1. Feature
   Updates and change log

   Added a permanent release ledger with dated entry changes and a machine-readable update feed.

Three entries revised from new research

Reviewed July 2026 research was incorporated into three existing entries with explicit limits on what each source establishes.

3 entries revised

1. Revised
   Export control as strategic instrument

   Added product-level evidence on the allocation of export-side interventions and separated targeting from effectiveness.

2. Revised
   Critical-mineral processing chokepoint

   Added evidence on processing centrality, network structure and the limits of inferences about coercion.

3. Revised
   World Trade Organization

   Added a clearly labelled scholarly reform argument on geoeconomics and international trade law.

Network explorer added

The full corpus became navigable as a filterable knowledge graph linking 1,511 entries through 8,082 cross-references.

1. Feature
   Interactive field map

   Added search, strategic-mode, policy-domain, geography, period, entry-type and connection filters.

Statecraft edition published

The reference work was rebuilt around economic statecraft as the umbrella field, with economic warfare retained as a high-intensity mode.

1. Release
   Version 2.0 publication

   Published 1,511 current controlled entries and preserved 14 retired records as permanent redirects.

Economic warfare edition published

The original economic warfare reference edition replaced the placeholder homepage and established the moderated contribution workflow.

1. Release
   Version 1.0 beta publication

   Published the first public reference edition with James J. Tennant recorded as founding editor.